Effect of Relative Draft and Mooring Configuration on Wave Transmission of Rectangular Floating Breakwater

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2026, vol. 28, pp. 658-672

Teeba M. Yehia , Abdul-Hassan K. Al-Shukur

	University of Babylon, Iraq
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	https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.044

Background: Floating breakwaters (FBs) have gained increasing attention as cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional bottom-founded coastal protection structures. Their wave attenuation performance is critically influenced by geometric and hydrodynamic parameters, among which draft and structural width are of primary importance. Despite extensive research, the combined influence of non-dimensional relative draft parameters and mooring configuration on wave transmission has not been thoroughly investigated in an integrated experimental framework. Materials and Methods: This study presents a systematic experimental investigation into the effects of draft (D), relative draft to model width (D/B), relative draft to wavelength (D/L), and relative draft to incident wave height (D/Hi) on the wave transmission coefficient (Kt) of rectangular pontoon-type floating breakwaters. Three models of different widths were tested under ten regular wave conditions, with five draft values and two chain mooring configurations (parallel and cross), yielding a total of 300 experimental tests conducted in a laboratory wave flume. Results and Discussion: The main results were that increasing draft consistently reduced Kt across all tested conditions, with reductions of up to 80% at the maximum draft. Among the three relative draft parameters, D/L proved to be the most reliable predictor of Kt, with an average Pearson correlation coefficient of |r| = 0.646 and R² = 0.430. The widest model achieved the best overall wave attenuation performance. For D/Hi, a direct (positive) relationship with Kt was observed, where lower D/Hi values produced greater wave-structure interaction and more effective attenuation. The cross-mooring arrangement generally yielded lower Kt values than the parallel arrangement, with an overall average difference of 7.15%. Conclusion: D/L is recommended as the primary non-dimensional design parameter for rectangular floating breakwaters, while D/Hi serves as a useful complementary indicator. The findings provide practical guidance for the design of rectangular floating breakwaters in coastal protection applications.

floating breakwaters, wave transmission coefficient, relative draft, mooring configuration, coastal protection

AMA Style
Yehia T.M., Al-Shukur A.-H.K. Effect of Relative Draft and Mooring Configuration on Wave Transmission of Rectangular Floating Breakwater. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 2026; 28. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.044

ACM Style
Yehia T.M., Al-Shukur A.-H.K. 2026. Effect of Relative Draft and Mooring Configuration on Wave Transmission of Rectangular Floating Breakwater. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 28. DOI:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.044

ACS Style
Yehia T.M.; Al-Shukur A.-H.K. Effect of Relative Draft and Mooring Configuration on Wave Transmission of Rectangular Floating Breakwater. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2026, 28, 658-672. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.044

APA Style
Yehia T.M., & Al-Shukur A.-H.K. (2026). Effect of Relative Draft and Mooring Configuration on Wave Transmission of Rectangular Floating Breakwater. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 28, 658-672. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.044

ABNT Style
YEHIA T.M.; AL-SHUKUR A.-H.K. Effect of Relative Draft and Mooring Configuration on Wave Transmission of Rectangular Floating Breakwater. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, v. 28, p. 658-672, 2026. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.044

Chicago Style
Teeba M. Yehia and Abdul-Hassan K. Al-Shukur. 2026. "Effect of Relative Draft and Mooring Configuration on Wave Transmission of Rectangular Floating Breakwater". Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 28, 658-672. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.044

Harvard Style
Yehia T.M. and Al-Shukur A.-H.K. (2026) "Effect of Relative Draft and Mooring Configuration on Wave Transmission of Rectangular Floating Breakwater", Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 28, pp. 658-672. doi:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.044

IEEE Style
T. M. Yehia and A.-H. K. Al-Shukur, "Effect of Relative Draft and Mooring Configuration on Wave Transmission of Rectangular Floating Breakwater", RoczOchrSrod, vol. 28, pp. 658-672. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.044